AFFIDAVIT CITY OF EDMONTON
PROVINCE OF ALBERTA
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, Stephen A. Kent personally
appeared, and whom I know on a professional basis, and after first
being duly affirmed by me states: II. OVERVIEW OF SCIENTOLOGY
10. Hubbard began what he named, "Scientology," in the Spring of
1952, and he introduced it as an extension and expansion of the reputed
science of Dianetics and not as a religion. Only in December
1953 did Hubbard initiate his assertion that Scientology was a religion.
In Scientology he developed teachings about past lives (including
ones in different galaxies) more than he had in his initial Dianetics
system. The entity that Scientologists believe continues through countless
lives is called a thetan, which is roughly analogous to a soul or
spirit that has forgotten its true nature. By 1967, Hubbard claimed
he had learned that individual thetans had become burdened with clusters
of lost and confused entities ("body thetans") attached to people's
bodies. These attachments were the result of billions of victims having
died when an evil galactic warlord named Xenu captured and sent them
to earth's volcanic areas, then exploded the volcanos by dropping
hydrogen bombs. Scientology's upper level courses, called the "Operating
Thetan" or "OT" levels, claim to free one's body and its thetan from
the numerous body clusters of confused and frightened thetans.
Scientology is that branch of psychology which treats of [sic] human
ability. It is an extension of DIANETICS which is itself an extension
of old-time faculty-psychology of 400 years ago.... Scientology is
actually a new very basic psychology in the most exact meaning of
the word. It can and does change behaviour and intelligence and it
can and does assist people to study life (Hubbard, 1956: [1]). Tens of thousands of case histories, and individual records, all
sworn to, are in the possession of the organizations of Scientology.
No other subject on earth except physics and chemistry has had such
gruelling testing....
Scientology falls within the definition of sciences, and is more
rigorously organized than any other group of data which bear the designation
of science. It is derived from closely defined axioms which are then
uniformly discoverable and applicable in the physical universe (Hubbard,
1956: [2]).
Hubbard's "scientific" claims for Scientology could not be clearer.
Scientology conflicts nowhere with the truth, and will be found to
agree with known facts in whatever field it overlaps. It does not
conflict with any religious truths. On the contrary, it has something
to offer everyone, Christian, Jew, Buddhist, Mohammedan [sic], Agnostic,
and Atheist. It does not try to change the beliefs, doctrine or creed
of the individual's church, on the contrary it brings the individual
to a point of better understanding of them, whatever they may be (Hubbard,
1956: [2-3]).
Hubbard is very clear that both Dianetics and Scientology are psychological
sciences, and that Scientology does not conflict with any religious
or non-religious belief system. In this document, therefore, Scientology
is not a religion, according to Hubbard himself.
It is hereafter firm Church policy that LRH [L. Ron Hubbard] ISSUES
ARE TO BE LEFT INTACT AS ISSUED.
No one except LRH may cancel his issues.
No one except LRH can revise his issues whereby changes are incorporated
into the text and re-issued. Any valid revisions must hereafter be
made in a separate issue stating the change and how the revision
is to be read. It must also state why the change is being effected,
for example, if there has been an ecclesiastical change or a technical
development.
Changes in Church policy become valid Church policy by being adopted
by the Board [of Directors]....
However, the original LRH issue (regardless of type) shall remain
intact so that the original wording is kept. In this way, his writings
retain their integrity and there is no mystery as to what he wrote
and what the revision stated and why.
The only occasion for any revision of an LRH issue is if a typographical
error is found in the original.
Already existing issues stand intact and valid. Any further changes
will be dealt with on an issue-by-issue basis.
This policy will allow the integrity of Source to be reinstated (Watchdog
Committee for the Church of Scientology International, 1982 [capitalization
and underlining in original]). When, therefore, I quote Hubbard himself in this report, I am quoting
sources that MUST remain unaltered within the Scientology organization
unless Hubbard himself subsequently had changed them. II. IS THE CHURCH OF SCIENTOLOGY FLAG SERVICE ORGANIZATION SOLELY
AND EXCLUSIVELY A RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION? The Commissioners[,] having considered the activities of auditing
and training, which Scientology regards as its worship, concluded
that auditing is more akin to therapy or counselling and training
more akin to study and that both auditing and training are not in
their essence exhibitions of reverence paid to a supreme being and
such Scientology practices are not worship for the purposes of charity
law. The Commissioners decided that auditing and training do not constitute
worship as defined and interpreted from the legal authorities (Charity
Commission, 1999b: 2).
In the complete version of the decision, the Commissioners concluded:
that auditing appears in essence very much akin to counselling, conducted
on a one to one basis, in private, and addressed to the needs of the
individual receiving auditing. Scientologists themselves describe
auditing as counselling (for example in the video presentation to
the Charity Commissioners for England and Wales). On the whole they
do not appear to describe auditing in terms of worship (Charity Commission
1999a: 25).
Auditing, therefore, did not appear as a religious activity. further concluded that training in Scientology, involving the detailed
study of the works of L. Ron Hubbard, according to particular set
formulae or methods of study, similarly lacks the elements of reverence
or veneration necessary if it is to constitute worship. Scientology
training appears more like an educational activity (the acquisition
of knowledge and practical skills in the application of Scientology
theory and technology) than a religious activity or worship in the
sense defined by the Commissioners (Charity Commission, 1999a: 25).
Like auditing, Scientology training appeared to be non-religious.
23. Scientology's official policies allow a person to refuse an RPF
assignment by resigning from Sea Org and/or by signing a statement
documenting his or her alleged "crimes" and absolving the group from
future legal action (see Anonymous, n.d.). Unofficially, however,
numerous accounts exist of Sea Org members who simply were taken into
RPF facilities against their will. Moreover, inmates in the RPF program
who deviate from its strict rules may have their RPF overseers assign
them to the harsher and more punitive, "RPF's RPF," and these assignments
are unlikely ever to be 'voluntary' in any manner. 24. The RPF involves: forcible confinement; hard physical labor and
other forms of physical maltreatment: long hours of study; various
forms of social maltreatment; forced confessions; and (as a final
condition of release from the program) obligatory "success stories"
(see, for example, Boards of Directors of the Churches of Scientology,
1980). Inmates remain in the RPF for indefinite periods of time, and
accounts from former Scientologists who were in this penal system
report that some people remain in it for well over a year. 25. While Scientology operates RPF programs in various locations
around the world (East Grinstead, England; Copenhagen; Los Angeles;
Hemet and Happy Valley, California), one of these programs takes place
in and around Flag Service Organization's Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater.
Publicly available accounts of people who have been in the Clearwater
RPF program include: Gerry Armstrong; Tonya Burden; Dennis Erlich;
Nefertiti [Pseudonym]; Anne Rosenblum; Margery Wakefield; and Hana
Whitfield. Former Scientologist, Lori Taverna, spoke about the RPF
in the City of Clearwater Commission Hearings on Scientology in 1982.
Erlich reported being locked in a cage in the basement of Flag Service
Organization's Fort Harrison Hotel, and Whitfield declared under oath
that she saw a woman (Lyn Froyland, who was on the RPF's RPF) chained
to a pipe in that same basement. The RPF is not a religious institution
and apparently was not discussed in Scientology's charitable tax exemption
decision with the Internal Revenue Service. Its existence and operation
in the Flag Service Organization mitigates against Flag's claim to
be a religious institution. 26. In 1984, the Clearwater Sun ran an article about the RPF.
The article begins as follows:
"The young man-by all appearances a teenager-crouched on the dark,
narrow stairway as he scrubbed the sixth-floor landing in the former
Fort Harrison Hotel, the 'flag Land Base' headquarters of the Church
of Scientology.
'Are you in RPF?' queried a reporter.
'Sir?' he asked quietly, peering up from his work.
'Are you in RPF?'
'Yes sir I am.'
RPF is the Rehabilitation Project Force (RPF), which, depending on
who is speaking, is either a businessman's approach to improving an
employee's lagging job performance or a form of punishment for Scientologists
who are banished to serve penance for their misdeeds and 'bad thoughts.'
Two others-adult men who, like the youth, were dressed in blue shorts
and faded blue shirts-worked two floors below, also cleaning the stairs.
They spoke not a word. Former Scientologists say that those in RPF
'are not to speak unless spoken to.'
Those who have spent time in the RPF at the Fort Harrison tell a
harrowing tale of long hours at work-as much as 100 hours a week-and
of months of humiliation and mental abuse at the hands of other Scientologists.
But their vivid recollections of hard work and abuse contradict current
Church of Scientology statements that the RPF is 'an entirely voluntary'
program (Shelor, 1984: 1B). 28. C. Vacation Resort--In addition to Flag Service Organization's
role in delivering Scientology courses and housing Scientology's RPF
penal system, it also serves as a vacation resort. One Flag publication,
for example, states:
It's the perfect time to take a vacation at Flag! Located on Florida's
Suncoast-a favorite vacation paradise-Flag is convenient to a wide
range of vacation attractions. The Flag Social Director can help arrange
the activities of your choice. Clearwater's sparkling beaches are
only minutes away. Family attractions such as Walt Disney World and
EPCOT Center, Busch Gardens, Sea World, Cypress Gardens and more can
be reached by daily bus excursions. Summer sports enthusiasts can
still enjoy waterskiing, sailing, wind surfing, jogging, bicycling,
or tennis. Or just relax by the Fort Harrison pool and enjoy the many
Flag activities! (Flag Crew Church of Scientology Flag Service Org,
Inc., 1989: [8]). Summer's the perfect time to vacation at Flag! Located on Florida's
Suncoast-a favorite vacation paradise-Flag is convenient to a wide
range of vacation attractions. The Flag Social Director can help arrange
the activities of your choice. Your children can learn to
sail or windsurf at the Flag Sea Org Cadet Sailing School!
Clearwater's sparkling white beaches are only minutes away. Attractions
and Theme parks such as Walt Disney World, Busch Gardens, Sea World,
Universal Studios, Cypress Gardens and many others are a short drive
away either by car or by special bus excursions. Summer sports enthusiasts
can enjoy waterskiing, sailing, wind surfing, jogging, bicycling,
tennis and many other activities. Come to Flag now and take advantage
of the summer accommodations specials for Visitors
and Vacationers! Bring your family and friends! (Church of Scientology
Flag Service Organization, Inc., 1992: [11; boldface in original]).
33. Viewing all of this material together, one can say that Flag
Service Organization operates facilities that provide auditing and
training that may be closer to counseling and study than they are
to religious activities. Added to this ambiguity is the use of Flag
Service Organization facilities as a penal system against some members
and a vacation resort for others. The combined weight of the evidence,
therefore, leads me to conclude that the Flag Service Organization
is not a religious institution. III. IS SCIENTOLOGY'S INTROSPECTION RUNDOWN A RELIGIOUS PRACTICE?
34. In reaching a conclusion about whether the Introspection Rundown
is a religious practice, it is important to keep the rundown's threefold
intent in mind. First, it intends to correct the conditions that psychotics
suffer, including their (frequent) violence and destructiveness (see
Hubbard, 1991: 1). Second, it intends to attack reputed critics of
the Scientology ideology and/or organization. Third, it intends to
eliminate psychiatry by introducing a treatment procedure for psychosis
that makes the profession unnecessary. According to Hubbard's teachings
for Scientologists, the introduction of the Introspection Rundown
"MEANS THE LAST REASON TO HAVE PSYCHIATRY AROUND IS GONE" (Hubbard,
1991: 1 [emphasis in original]). Hubbard's desire and attempts to
replace psychiatry with his own form of 'counseling' appears in Dianetics
material that pre-dates his creation of Scientology. An examination
of that early material in combination with subsequent Scientology
information leads to the inescapable conclusion that the Introspection
Rundown is, fundamentally, a pseudo-psychiatric (hence pseudo-medical)
practice, and is not a religious practice. Flag Service Organization
provided a facility-the Fort Harrison Hotel-that allowed Scientology
to engage in this pseudo-medical, pseudo-psychiatric practice. 35. Two basic claims that remain at the heart of both Dianetics and
Scientology auditing appear in a very early Dianetics publication.
In the May 1950 edition of Astounding Science Fiction, Hubbard
included in his summary of Dianetics the following claims: 1. Dianetics is an organized science of thought built upon definite
axioms; it apparently reveals the existence of natural laws by which
behavior can uniformly be caused or predicted in the unit organism
or society.
2. Dianetics offers a therapeutic technique with which we can treat
any and all inorganic mental and organic psychosomatic ills, with
assurance of complete cure in unselected cases. It produces a mental
stability in the 'cleared' patient which is far superior to the current
norm.
....
13. Dianetics set forth the non-germ theory of disease, embracing,
it has been estimated by competent physicians, the cure of some seventy
percent of man's pathology (Hubbard, 1950a: 85, 86). The dianetic auditor who practices with the institutionally
insane exclusively should provide himself [sic] with the text now
in preparation on that subject: the techniques are similar to those
now described here [in the book] but incline more toward heroic measures:
this present volume is addressed to treatment of the normal person
or the neurotic patient not sufficiently violent to be institutionalized.
However, with intelligence and imagination these same techniques can
be applied with success to any mental state or physical illness. Institutional
Dianetics is primarily the reduction of an insanity to a neurosis
(Hubbard, 1950b: 206n.). Any school of mental healing in the past has been victimized by that
irrationality known as psychosis. Dianetics, no matter if it has the
answer to psychosis, is yet victimized by its existence in the society.
Psychotics, people with histories of known breaks, of suicide attempts,
of homicidal tendencies, can yet be expected to apply for instruction
in dianetics.
....
A psychotic discovered by screening should either be routed into
processing (if the case is mild and non-suicidal) or rejected. At
such time as the [Hubbard Dianetics] Foundation possess adequate and
lawful housing facilities for the retention of psychotics, those who
might have been turned away may be routed to the unit which has such
facilities in its charge. Efforts are being made, and others should
be made, to procure such sanitarium facilities wherein psychotics
may be dianetically processed (Hubbard, 1970a: 1). Helen and David Cary, directly or indirectly, were still two more
victims of psychiatric inadequacy and ineptitude. We are trying not
to feel intensely about it just because the fact strikes so 'close
to home.' But even with a clinical attitude, we can't help thinking
of the millions of other homes who have similar good reason to fear
for the failures of 'recognized' psychotherapy.
...Yes, David Cary was attracted to dianetics when and because
psychiatry had failed. He learned it well because he wanted
to help the woman he loved, but his efforts to process her met with
only the greatest resistance (Leonard, 1951: 2). With reference to psychosis, or severe neurosis, the technique can
be considered to be, and is considered to be, indispensible [sic]
for both the auditor and the psychoanalyst. In this state it is especially
difficult to pick from the babblings of a patient the clue for the
material which, if brought to light, may relieve his stress.
Despite its importance, associative processing requires very little
technical background or information. It can be utilized by one who
has had no more than the most elementary instruction on the psychometer
[i.e., the E-meter]-such as how it is turned on, how the electrodes
are connected, and how to keep the needle balanced in the middle of
the meter.
The patient is given the electrodes to hold. If he is particularly
disturbed, they are strapped to his hands with adhesive tape, and
a mitten is placed over one side of the hands holding the electrodes
so that banging them together will not disturb the needle reading
(Hubbard, 1952: 5). Step VII PSYCHOTIC CASES. Whether in or out of body.
The psychotic looks to be in such desperate straits that the auditor
often errs in thinking desperate measures are necessary. Use the lightest
possible methods.
Give case [i.e., the psychotic] space and freedom where
possible. Have psychotic IMITATE (not MOCK-UP [i.e., not creating
an imaginary picture of] various things. Have him do PRESENT TIME
DIFFERENTIATION.
Get him [sic] to tell the difference between things by actual touch.
Have him locate, differentiate, and touch things that are really real
to him (real objects or items).
If inaccessible, mimic him with own body, whatever he does until
he comes into communication. Have him locate corners of the room and
hold them without thinking. As soon as his communication is up go
to STEP VI [mentioned earlier in the newsletter]; BUT BE VERY SURE
he changes any mock-up until he knows it is a mock-up, that it exists
and that he himself made it.
Do not run engrams. He is psychotic because viewpoints in
present time are so scarce that he has gone into the past for viewpoints
which at least he knew existed. By PRESENT TIME DIFFERENTIATION, by
tactile on objects, return his idea of an abundance of viewpoint in
present time (Hubbard, 1953: [6; capitals and underlining in original]).
The directives about having the psychotic individual locate himself
(or herself) in present time and in present location, along with using
mimicry techniques in an attempt to get the psychotic to orient him-
or herself, are recurrent (albeit simplistic) themes that reappear
in subsequent publications. The goal of Scientologists is a sane world. This can be achieved,
but only by freeing people, freeing them from their own aberrations
and from the control of others. The techniques can be used to cure
the seriously ill and the insane, and there is no reason why this
should not be done...(O'Connell, 1954: 5).
The auditor, then who is looking at a psychotic, is trying to understand
an incomprehensible, and if we were to cease using the psychotic and
begin to use the word, 'incomprehensetic [sic]', we would have a word
which would serve us extremely well. Thus, an auditor processes the psychotic with considerable difficulty
in the absence of this understanding of incomprehensibility.... The
best way to handle a psychotic is with physical form, making the psychotic
mimic the physical form be [sic: by?] mimicing [sic], with the physical
form, the psychotic. Thus we have our basic level of mimicry, and
thus we have the entering wedge of communication (Hubbard, 1955: 1-2).
The temporarily insane by reason of emotional shock, where no medical
illness exists should be permitted rest and should then be handled
by an [auditing] assist as above [i.e., discussed earlier in the Bulletin]
or normal Dianetic auditing. Most often, rest and no further harassment
result in a return to sanity in a short time such as a few days, but
not in the terror atmosphere such as a psychiatric asylum, where the
patient is in the risk of being hurt or killed (Hubbard, 1969: 3).
His comments about a temporarily insane person being at risk of harm
or death in a psychiatric asylum seem ironic in light of what happened
to Lisa McPherson while in Scientology's care.
1. Pretending to do a post or duties, the real consistent result
is destructive to the group in terms of breakage, lost items, injured
business etc.
2. The case is no case gain or roller coaster and is covered under
'PTS [Potential Trouble Source] symptoms.' [A Potential Trouble Source
is someone who cannot make gains in his or her auditing because the
person is connected to a Scientology enemy or "Suppressive Person."]
3. They are usually chronically physically ill.
4. They have a deep but carefully masked hatred of anyone who seeks
to help them.
5. The result of their 'help' is actually injurious.
6. They often seek transfers or wish to leave.
7. They are involved in warfare with conflicts around them which
are invisible to others. One wonders how they can be so involved or
get so involved in so much hostility (Hubbard, 1970c: 1-2).
Scientology is the first to make a technical breakthrough in the
subject of psychosis (meaning a definite obsessive desire to destroy).
In 1970 the actual cause of psychosis was isolated, and in ensuing
years this has proven beyond doubt to be totally correct. Man has
never been able to solve the psychotic break. In fact, human beings
are actually afraid of a person in a psychotic break and in desperation
turn to psychiatry to handle [it]. Psychiatry, desperate in its turn,
without effective technology, resorts to barbarities such as heavy
drugs, ice picks, electric shock and insulin shock which half kill
the person and only suppress him. The fact remains that there has
never been a cure for the psychotic break until now (Church
of Scientology of California, 1978: 5). IV. SCIENTOLOGY'S HISTORY OF ISOLATING AND ATTEMPTING TO TREAT
MENTALLY DISTRESSED MEMBERS He was actually locked up in a cabin in one of the-in the front of
the ship and it was for a number of weeks. Even it could have been
a couple of months where, you know, he was really-he should have been
like in a straightjacket in a paddled cell because if you would have
seen the cabin after he got through with it, I mean he had torn up,
you know, ripped the wood off the walls, you know, he slept and ate
and lived in his own, you know, excrete-excrement. It was just, you
know, he tried to knock holes in the door and for the first several
weeks they tried to treat him just by, you know, hopefully he would
get some rest" (Schomer, 1985: 30). 116. When I was in Scientology I was assigned to keep watch over
a young girl in her early twenties who became Type 3 PTS after being
forced to sever all communication with her family, because they were
upset about her involvement in Scientology. This incident occurred
in Hemet, California, at the high-security international headquarters
of Scientology (Young, 1994: 19). The middle-aged German student started screaming. He seemed to have
lost control. He was a Scientologist, a member of the world's largest
cult, on a course of study that, he had been promised, would bring
him closer to the secrets of the universe and, eventually, give him
the key to eternal life.
According to eyewitnesses, the man, whose name is known to The
Independent, was taken to an isolated room in a communal building
not far from Saint Hill, a 17th-century manor house in East Grinstead,
West Sussex, and the UK headquarters of the cult.
For two weeks, the room was locked. The German had been placed on
an 'isolation watch'--or what Scientologists more informally refer
to as a 'baby watch.' It is a treatment that was prescribed by the
founder of the cult, L. Ron Hubbard, a science fiction writer, for
members showing signs of psychosis or mental ill- health--people who
are, literally, plagued by evil spirits. It is the last resort for
dealing with difficult Scientologists. It is a treatment that the
organisation has so far kept secret. The subject of the watch is observed
at all times, and not allowed to talk to anybody. He or she is, in
the language of the cult, 'muzzled.' Our witnesses, who have asked
to remain anonymous, remember that the German was sometimes incontinent
and that they had to wash him down at the sink in the otherwise bare
room. The five people who guarded him were only allowed to communicate
with him in writing. Eventually he was allowed to return to Germany....
For the past few months, The Independent has been investigating
claims that the cult employs quasi-psychological techniques that are
possibly illegal and potentially dangerous to the long-term health
of its more vulnerable members....
The 'baby-watching' incident with the German student occurred in
1991. But the technique has been used more recently, according to
confidential church documents dating from September 1993, which have
been leaked to The lndependent. These show that the Scientologists
mounted an internal investigation after a baby watch conducted on
another German, again at Saint Hill, last year. The investigation
was instigated because the woman put in isolation was already suffering
from an acute mental disorder--in the terminology used by the investigating
officer, she was Type III, which translates as 'insane.' She went
insane, according to the document, while she was working for the organisation
in Europe. In early 1993, she arrived in Saint Hill and was put on
a baby watch because she was thought to be a 'security risk.' Her
boyfriend was put in charge of the watch. But something went badly
wrong, and the watch was 'very extended' because of incompetence by
local officials, reports the document. It is not clear whether she
was locked in a room throughout or allowed, as is sometimes the case,
to walk around during the watch. There seems to be some dispute about
whether the local staff were adequately trained to deal with such
a case, and permission for her 'treatment' finally had to come directly
from the American leadership of the cult.
Several of the most senior officers of the British arm of the cult
were blamed for allowing this woman to remain a member of the cult--according
to the internal memo, she apparently had a history of drug abuse.
These senior members were ordered to attend an internal tribunal.
If found guilty of failing to ensure the 'security' of the member,
they will be demoted and sentenced to a period of 'rehabilitation'
through hard labour. According to the report, it seems that the woman
escaped from Saint Hill, was arrested by police and then returned
to Germany.
One former senior cult official who worked in the Californian section
of the organisation was involved in several baby watches. On one occasion,
a woman staff member was put in isolation after she started throwing
furniture out of the window of her flat, which overlooked Hollywood
Boulevard. She was then locked in her room. 'We had to take all the
furniture out of the room, strip it completely and leave her in there
on her own for more than a week,' the official said. 'She was just
crazy, talking to herself and screaming.' This woman had been engaged
in one of the most demanding of the Scientology courses, during which
students are taught that 75 million years ago the earth was part of
a galactic confederation ruled by an evil prince called Xenu. He shipped
the inhabitants of 76 planets to earth. The spirits (or thetans) of
these extra-terrestrials inhabit the souls of contemporary human beings
and have to be exorcised.
Dr. Betty Tylden, a retired consultant psychiatrist who is regularly
called as an expert court witness on cults, has treated Scientologists
recovering from the effects of baby watches--both the victims and
the guards. She has seen several in the past six months alone. 'People
are terribly frightened of it,' she said. 'They come out of it suffering
from something very similar to Post- traumatic Stress Disorder, the
"prisoner" syndrome. There is hyper- arousal, flashbacks, fear and
obsessions. It is very nasty, and even if it doesn't break a law,
it is a gross curtailment of an individual's liberty' (Kelsey and
Ricks, 1994).
V. DIANETICS'S AND SCIENTOLOGY'S HISTORIES OF UNLICENSED MEDICAL
PRACTICES ... the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners accused the Hubbard
Dianetic Research Foundation, Inc., of 'operating a school for the
treatment of disease without a license' in January, 1951 (Elizabeth
Daily Journal, 1951a), which contributed to the organization's
departure from Elizabeth, New Jersey in April-- prior to its pending
trial in May (Elizabeth Daily Journal, 1951b). In late March,
1953, two Dianetics and Scientology practitioners were arrested, along
with the confiscation of an E-meter, as part of an investigation into
'running an unlicensed school and practicing medicine without licenses'
(Detroit News, 1953, Detroit Free Press, 1953; see Pickering,
1953). Likewise, in late 1953 or early 1954, a Glendale, California
Dianeticist or Scientologist apparently spent ten days in jail for
"'practicising medicine without a license'" (quoted in Aberree,
1954: 4). US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seized and destroyed 21,000
tablets of a compound known as Dianazene, marketed by an agency associated
with the Founding Church of Scientology in Washington, the Distribution
Center, claiming that they were falsely labeled as a preventative
and treatment of 'radiation sickness' (Wallis, 1976: 190). The device should bear a prominent, clearly visible notice warning
that any person using it for auditing or counseling of any kind is
forbidden by law to represent that there is any medical or scientific
basis for believing or asserting that the device is useful in the
diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any disease. It should be noted
in the warning that the device has been condemned by a United States
District Court for misrepresentation and misbranding under Food and
Drug laws, that use is permitted only as a religious activity, and
that the E-meter is not medically or scientifically capable of improving
the health or bodily functions of anyone (United States District Court,
District of Columbia, 1971: 364).
Worth mentioning is the fact that the label subsequently appearing
on E-meters fails to state that the devices were condemned by the
court for misrepresentation and misbranding. VI. CONCLUSION
FURTHER AFFIANT SAITH NOT. _____________________________________
Stephen A. Kent, Ph.D. CITY OF EDMONTON
PROVINCE OF ALBERTA The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this 6th
day of January 2000, by Stephen A. Kent, whom I know professionally
and who did take an affirmation. ____________________________
NOTARY PUBLIC My commission expires_______ (signed)___________________________________ (date)_____________________________________ BIBLIOGRAPHY Aberree. "Scientology Acts to Legalize As Religion. Three
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